Every Curved Object Has Two Lights. An even opaque object, if it is curved, has its brightest and its darkest side, and intermediate parts where light and shade seem to combine. The main part of brightness in an object is called the high light. The darkest part of an object is not necessarily the
part most distant from the chief point of light, for the reflected lights play a part in lighting up just those portions that seem in most need of the borrowed lights "borrowed lights" being the term frequently applied to certain forms of reflected light. (See Fig. 3.)
Reflected Lights Enable Us to Distinguish Forms. The point of light indicated by the arrow at left of iris of the eye is a sharp, reflected light. The lighter portion of the iris at B is caused by diffused light the effect of the light passing through the semi-transparent eyeball. The portion of the eyeball nearest the light is always darker than the other side, except that portion where the point of reflected light appears as shown by the arrow.
Cast Shadows Darkest. The shadow cast by an object is usually darker than the object itself, because the part receiving the shadow is not apt to be the recipient of the reflected lights. The shadow follows the shape of an object to the extent that the surface, by its angles and variation of form and shape, will permit it. (See Fig. 5.) In order to draw shadows with absolute correctness, certain rules should be followed that are to be obtained only by a study of the most advanced rules in perspective. To attempt here to explain these rules would take more space than is allotted to the subject, and, besides, could not be made plain or interesting to teacher or pupil.
The Course of Shadows. Shadows follow or are broken by the shapes of the objects on which they are cast. Note that the shadows in Fig. 4 are thrown in (diffused) straight lines on the wall, while in Fig. 5 the shadow of the stick is broken by the steps on which the shadow is cast.
Shadows from the Point of Projection. Shadows broaden if there are reflected Hghts that may cause multiplication of the shadows; thus, in Fig. 4 the shadows broaden as they leave the spouts. This is owing to the presence of reflected light. Reflected lights are those which are thrown from one object to another, each object in turn reflecting light which, coming in contact with still another object, causes the latter to throw^ a shadow.
It will be enough to lay down a few condensed rules for ordinary use in the study of light and shade.
Intercepted rays of light cause shadows. (See Figs, i and 2.)
The light may be direct from the sun, candle, lamp or any glowing substance. These throw strongly defined shadows. (See Figs, i and 2.)
Sections
- Action Drawing
- Advice To Teachers
- Beginners Instructions
- Blocking In
- Clay Modeling
- Copying By Triangulation
- Decorative Ornamental Art
- Drawing From Nature
- Early Exercises
- Elementary Lines
- Elementary Perspective
- Expression Emotion
- Foreshortening
- Geometrical Form
- How To Draw Animals
- How To Draw Cartoons
- How To Draw Charcoal Crayon
- How To Draw Flowers
- How To Draw Women Men Children
- Lettering
- Light And Shade
- Materials For Drawing
- Models Measurements Proportions
- Outlines For Beginners
- Paper Folding Cutting
- Pen And Ink Drawing
- Principles Of Composition
- Simple Story Pictures
- Solid Black Effects
- Stimulating Imagination
- Tracing Transferring
- Two Handed Exercises